Association between the management of oral health and experience of oral health education and an investigation of influential factors of the PHP index in university students / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the association between the management of oral health and experiences of oral health education and to investigate the influential factors of the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index in an area's university students. In addition, we explored the factors that influence the PHP index and how to effectively promote oral health. METHODS: All collected data were analyzed using the χ2 test, the t-test, and multiple regression using SPSS version 23.0 for Microsoft Windows. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The total age of 380 participants ranged from 18 to 39 years (mean 22.22±2.43). No significant differences were found in oral health status and experiences of oral health education. CONCLUSIONS: Active national-based policies to develop regular and systematic national oral health education programs are needed.

Association of Sleep Duration and Depression with Periodontitis in Older People Aged 65 Years and Older / 치위생과학회지

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorder is a precursor to depression, which is one of the psychological factors associated with periodontal disease that, in turn, affects general and periodontal health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration, depression, and periodontitis in older people aged over 65 years. METHODS: A total of 2,002 older adults aged 65 years or older were included in the study. Their general and health aspects, including smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and depression, were investigated. Periodontitis was examined using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed through a complex sampling design method. Frequency and crossover analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between depression and periodontitis. To investigate the effect of depression on periodontitis, a logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Regarding depression and participants' general characteristics, statistically significant differences were found in sex, economic activity, smoking habit, and CPI (p<0.05). In the presence of depression, the odds ratio for periodontitis was 1.84, and the adjusted odds ratio for age, sex, economic activity, residence type, household income, education level, smoking habit, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes was 1.72, representing a significant difference (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study examined the relationship between depression and periodontitis in older persons and confirmed a significant correlation. As the population of older adults increases, we should pay attention to their mental and oral health as well as systemic diseases. Various programs for the health promotion of older persons need to be implemented to improve the quality of life of older people.

Can the number of functional teeth potentially affect cognitive function? / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: With the growing elderly population, there is an increasing interest in the oral and general health of elderly individuals. Loss of teeth is representative of oral disease in elderly individuals and is associated with medical and dental problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of remaining functional teeth and cognitive function. METHODS: A total of 456 (111 public health centers, 261 senior centers, 84 sanatoriums) older adults (aged ≥65 years) residing in Korea were included. A mental health nurse examined the cognitive function using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. A dentist examined the number of functional teeth and denture status through an oral examination, while a dental hygienist surveyed the subjective masticatory level using a questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 79.5 years (range 65–97 years), and 76.1% of them were women. Participants with a small number of functional teeth had lower cognitive function. In these participants, the odds ratio with poor cognitive function was 2.30 times higher; it was 2.74 times higher after adjusting for age, sex, residence, education, and denture use, and was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that the number of functional teeth was associated with cognitive function in the Korean elderly population.

The Relationship between Oral Health and Stroke in Adults Based on the 6th (2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 치위생과학회지

Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide, although the survival period is increasing after the occurrence of stroke, severe physical disability is caused with aftereffect. Oral inflammation is not limited to the oral cavity, it can cause malignant changes in other tissues and organs. In previous studies, we confirmed the relationship between tooth loss and stroke due to periodontal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and stroke such as oral hygiene behavior, tooth loss and periodontal disease among Korean adults over 40 years of age. This study was analyzed using the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. A total of 3,389 adults over 40 years of age were analyzed as final subjects. Socioeconomic statuses and oral health status was analyzed using a complex sample analysis technique. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship of oral health and stroke, and 95% confidence intervals were computed using SPSS. When the prevalence of stroke according to oral hygiene behavior was checked, the prevalence of strokes was lower in subjects who had a lot of brushings per day and subjects who used oral hygiene products (p 0.05). Loss of teeth was found to be associated with the risk factor of stroke. Therefore, loss of teeth due to periodontal disease is an additional issue that should be considered as a risk factor for stroke.

Relationship between cancer and oral health in Korean adults determined using data from the 6th (2013-2014) Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: Dental caries and periodontitis are major oral bacterial infections associated with dental plaque. Infection and inflammation play a role in carcinogenesis, and a significant link has been found between some highly prevalent oral and dental diseases and some types of cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cancer and oral health among Korean adults. METHODS: Data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to analyze the incidence of cancer according to oral health. Demographic and socioeconomic statuses and oral behavior of the participants was analyzed using complex chi-square tests. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between a high DMFT index and cancer by calculating the 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In total, 6,450 case-control subjects were included. Significant difference was observed in the DMFT index, but not in periodontal diseases, between the cases and controls. The odds ratio for cancer was 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.18 to 2.73) in the high-risk group. However, no significant difference was observed after adjusting for age, education level, and income. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide potential evidence of a significant association between cancer and oral disease.

Evaluation of relationship between cognitive function and occlusal status in elderly individuals using the T-scan III® system / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and occlusal status in elderly individuals. METHODS: A total of 162 individuals aged 65 years and older, who attended the senior citizen center in Daegu city, were included after consent for participation in the study was obtained. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was used to evaluate the level of cognitive function. Occlusal status was determined using the T-scan III® system. All collected data were analyzed by χ² test, t-test, one way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the cognitive function and the use of dentures. Individuals with posterior occlusal status had higher MMSE-K scores than those with anterior occlusal status. There was a positive correlation between the cognitive function and posterior occlusal force. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that occlusal status was associated with cognitive function in the elderly individuals. Active national policies to improve occlusal condition in the elderly population are needed.

Effects of a whitening strip combined with a desensitizing primer on tooth color / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 2.9% hydrogen peroxide (HP) whitening strip with a desensitizing agent as a primer. METHODS: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyungpook National University Hospital. A total of 144 subjects (mean age: 21.7 years) were recruited after they provided informed consent for participation in the study. All participants used the whitening strip and primer for 1.5 h a day for 14 days. ShadeEye-NCC and Vita classical shade guide were used to determine the color changes, with respect to baseline, after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on satisfaction after bleaching and irritating symptoms during the 14 days. All collected data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA using SPSS 20.0 for windows. RESULTS: Brightness (ΔL*) was significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in the control group after 3 days of the experiment. Chroma (Δb*) started to decrease in groups 2 and 3, compared to control, after 1 day. Perceived symptoms of irritation were significantly lower in groups using the strip combined with the desensitizing primer than in the control group. Satisfaction after bleaching was higher in the experimental groups than in control. CONCLUSIONS: The HP whitening strip with a desensitizing agent as a primer is clinically effective in bleaching human enamel after 3 days of use. It also reduces the prevalence of gingival irritation.

Clinical and Genetic Features of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

Migraine is a common cause of episodic headache disorder, and multiple factors are associated with the pathogenic mechanism underlying migraine. Recent studies suggest that genetic determinants influence migraine, most likely as part of a multifactorial mechanism. Due to the similarity in clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms between familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and migraine with aura, FHM can be used as a model for migraine and aura. Mutations in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13 (FHM1), in the ATP1A2 gene at 1q23 (FHM2), and in the SCNA1A gene at 2q24 (FHM3) are responsible for most of the representative types of FHM. The recent beta version of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders contains revised diagnostic criteria for FHM, which include the above-three genetic factors. In this review we discuss the clinical and genetic features of FHM.

Clinical and Genetic Features of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

Migraine is a common cause of episodic headache disorder, and multiple factors are associated with the pathogenic mechanism underlying migraine. Recent studies suggest that genetic determinants influence migraine, most likely as part of a multifactorial mechanism. Due to the similarity in clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms between familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and migraine with aura, FHM can be used as a model for migraine and aura. Mutations in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13 (FHM1), in the ATP1A2 gene at 1q23 (FHM2), and in the SCNA1A gene at 2q24 (FHM3) are responsible for most of the representative types of FHM. The recent beta version of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders contains revised diagnostic criteria for FHM, which include the above-three genetic factors. In this review we discuss the clinical and genetic features of FHM.

Relation between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases: Using the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with systemic diseases, such as periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases and RA appear to share many pathologic features. The etiology of the two diseases may differ, but they share similar pathological characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between RA and periodontal diseases. METHODS: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) were used to analyze periodontal status according to the presence of RA. Demographics and oral behaviors were analyzed using the complex chi-square test to compare participants with RA with those without RA. Complex logistic regression was used to analyze relationships of periodontal diseases with RA and other covariates. RESULTS: The odds ratio for periodontal diseases was 1.91 (95% confidence interval: 1.05-3.48) in participants with RA compared with participants without RA. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide evidence of a significant association between periodontal diseases and RA.

Concomitant Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms Influence Psychological Status in Korean Migraine Patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Migraine is frequently accompanied by symptoms consistent with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This study evaluated the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal symptoms and assessed the symptoms' relationship with the concomitant functional symptoms of anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability. METHODS: This prospective study included 109 patients with migraine who were recruited from a headache clinic at a teaching hospital. The participants completed a self-administered survey that collected information on headache characteristics, functional gastrointestinal symptoms (using Rome III criteria to classify FGID), anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability. RESULTS: In total, 71% of patients met the Rome III criteria for at least one FGID. In patients with FGID, irritable bowel syndrome was the most common symptom (40.4%), followed by nausea and vomiting syndrome (24.8%) and functional dyspepsia (23.9%). Depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients meeting the criteria for any FGID. The number of the symptoms consistent with FGID in individual patients correlated positively with depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: FGID symptoms defined by the Rome III criteria are highly prevalent in migraine. These symptoms correlate with psychological comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety.

Association between Cerebrospinal Fluid S100B Protein and Neuronal Damage in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections

PURPOSE: S100B protein is widely used as a measure of glial activity or damage in several brain conditions. Central nervous system (CNS) infections can cause neurological sequelae because of parenchyma invasion. It is difficult to predict further neuronal damage in the CNS infection. The present study is aimed to evaluate the role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B protein as an indicator of neuronal damage in CNS infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the concentration of CSF S100B protein in 62 patients with a CNS infection using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The patients with CNS infections were classified as having no neuronal damage (CNS-N) or as having neuronal damage (CNS+N) according to the presence of neurological change or structural lesions on brain MRI. RESULTS: The CSF S100B protein level of the CNS+N group (n=22, 0.235 microg/L, 0.10-2.18) was significantly higher than that of the CNS-N group (n=40, 0.087 microg/L, 0.06-0.12) and control group (n=40, 0.109 microg/L, 0.07-0.14, p<0.01). Using an arbitrary cut off value, S100B-positive CSF was detected in 2.5% of the CNS-N group and in 50% of the CNS+N group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that increased S100B protein levels in the CSF may be associated with the neuronal damage following CNS infections.

Differences in Clinical Features and Disability according to the Frequency of Medication Use in Patients with Chronic Migraine

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic migraine (CM) has a significant impact on daily activities, and analgesic overuse is a major contributing factor to migraine transformation. Limited information is available on the functional consequences of CM stemming from analgesic overuse. This study evaluated the impact of the frequency of analgesic medication use on headache-related disability and clinical features in patients with CM. METHODS: Patients with CM were enrolled consecutively and classified into two groups according to their frequency of medication use: or =15 days/month (CM-MH, n=68). All patients completed a structured questionnaire concerning the clinical features of their migraine, a validated version of the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire (MIDAS), and the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6). RESULTS: The pain intensity, as measured by a visual analog scale, was greater in the CM-MH group than in the CM-ML group (8.5+/-0.2 vs. 7.7+/-0.3, mean+/-SD; p<0.05). In the disability domain, the MIDAS scores were significantly higher for CM-MH patients than for CM-ML patients (47.6+/-4.8 vs. 26.8+/-4.5, p<0.01). The impact from migraine, as measured by the HIT-6, was greater for CM-MH patients than for CM-ML patients (65.6+/-1.0 vs. 62.1+/-1.0, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the headache pain intensity and disability are greater in patients with CM who use medication frequently.

Polymorphism of the Glutamate Transporter Protein EAAT2 and Migraine Transformation into Chronic Daily Headache

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The progression of migraine into chronic daily headache involves multiple risk factors, but the main contributor is not known. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in central sensitization, which is an important process in the pathogenesis of migraine transformation. The glutamate transporter protein excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is the primary modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and genetic polymorphisms of its gene, EEAT2, have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of EAAT2 polymorphisms on migraine transformation into chronic daily headache. METHODS: We included 74 migraine patients with episodic attack (M-E) and 59 migraine patients with chronic daily headache (M-CDH). After amplifying EAAT2 by polymerase chain reaction, we assessed its genotype frequencies based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We reclassified all migraine patients into two groups according to their EAAT2 genotype, either with the A allele (n=62) or without it (n=71), and compared the clinical variables between the two groups. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of EAAT2 polymorphisms did not differ between the M-E and M-CDH groups. Comparison between EEAT2 genotypes revealed that the frequency of analgesic usage was significantly higher among migraine patients with the A allele (12.9+/-1.6 days/month) than in those without the A allele (8.1+/-1.2 days/month; p=0.019). The other clinical variables of migraine did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that EEAT2 polymorphism contributes to the tendency toward frequent analgesic usage in migraine patients. This implies a potential genetic influence on the progression of migraine into chronic daily headache through the development of medication-overuse headache.

Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) Scores for Migraine Patients: Their Relation to Disability as Measured from a Headache Diary

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Complete information on migraine-related disabilities facilitate the making of appropriate treatment decisions. Although the accessibility and ease of use of the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) make it a very promising instrument, there are few data available for comparing HIT-6 scores with the actual amount of disability. METHODS: To determine whether the disability measured using the HIT-6 questionnaire realistically reflects the amount of disability as extracted from a headache diary, which would help when deciding a management plan, 130 patients with migraine without aura were instructed to complete a headache diary on the days on which headache occurred. Each diary booklet also contained questions on the resulting disability, and comprised five items originating from the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. After submitting their diaries, the participants completed the HIT-6 for the same time period. RESULTS: Disability as recorded in diaries was present for a mean of 2.7 days per month, and its duration differed significantly with HIT-6 score: 0.9, 2.6, and 4.6 days per month for littleto-no impact, moderate impact, and severe impact, respectively. The summed disability score from diaries was also related to the HIT-6 score. Headache frequency was the only headache characteristic that contributed significantly to the HIT-6 score. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the HIT-6 could be useful for assessing headache-related disability in migraine patients, especially given that the questionnaire is both simple and ease of use.

Genetic Contribution of Catechol-O-methyltransferase Polymorphism in Patients with Migraine without Aura

BACKGROUND: Recent genetic association studies have investigated the possible genetic role of the dopaminergic system in migraine. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of dopamine and its genetic polymorphism is associated with three- to fourfold variation of enzymatic activity. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of the COMT polymorphism in the genetic susceptibility to migraine and its phenotypic expression in patients with migraine without aura (MWOA). METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with MWOA and 94 healthy volunteers were included in the study. After amplifying COMT genes by the polymerase chain reaction, we assessed their genotype frequencies and allele distributions by based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We classified all MWOA patients into two groups according to their COMT genotype: with the L allele (N = 43), and without this allele (N = 54). RESULTS: The genotype frequency and allele distribution of the COMT polymorphism did not differ between MWOA patients and the control group. During migraine attacks, MWOA patients with the L allele showed a higher pain intensity of headache (P = 0.001) and a higher incidence of the accompanying nausea/vomiting (94% vs 75%; P = 0.026) compared with MWOA patients without the L allele. CONCLUSIONS: Although the COMT polymorphism does not appear to be involved in predisposition to the development of MWOA, this genetic factor could be involved in the phenotypic expression of MWOA.

Carotid-cavernous Fistula Presenting as an Isolated Abducens Nerve palsy

No abstract available.

A Case of Aplastic Anemia Associated with Ticlopidine / 대한뇌혈관학회지

Aplastic anemia is a rare side-effect associated with ticlopidine therapy. We report one case of severe aplastic anemia developed after the use of ticlopidine. A 72-year-old woman took ticlopidine at 500 mg/day to prevent a secondary stroke. Forty days after starting ticlopidine, she developed general weakness and nausea. She showed pancytopenia and was diagnosed as aplastic anemia, confirmed by bone marrow examination. Twelve days after the withdrwal of ticlopidine, the hematologic parameters improved. Physicians are reminded that complete blood cell counts and white blood cell count differentials should be monitored every 2 weeks in ticlopidine users during the first 3 months of treatment.